Environmental DNA reflects spatial and temporal jellyfish distribution
نویسندگان
چکیده
Recent development of environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis allows us to survey underwater macro-organisms easily and cost effectively; however, there have been no reports on eDNA detection or quantification for jellyfish. Here we present the first report on an eDNA analysis of marine jellyfish using Japanese sea nettle (Chrysaora pacifica) as a model species by combining a tank experiment with spatial and temporal distribution surveys. We performed a tank experiment monitoring eDNA concentrations over a range of time intervals after the introduction of jellyfish, and quantified the eDNA concentrations by quantitative real-time PCR. The eDNA concentrations peaked twice, at 1 and 8 h after the beginning of the experiment, and became stable within 48 h. The estimated release rates of the eDNA in jellyfish were higher than the rates previously reported in fishes. A spatial survey was conducted in June 2014 in Maizuru Bay, Kyoto, in which eDNA was collected from surface water and sea floor water samples at 47 sites while jellyfish near surface water were counted on board by eye. The distribution of eDNA in the bay corresponded with the distribution of jellyfish inferred by visual observation, and the eDNA concentration in the bay was ~13 times higher on the sea floor than on the surface. The temporal survey was conducted from March to November 2014, in which jellyfish were counted by eye every morning while eDNA was collected from surface and sea floor water at three sampling points along a pier once a month. The temporal fluctuation pattern of the eDNA concentrations and the numbers of observed individuals were well correlated. We conclude that an eDNA approach is applicable for jellyfish species in the ocean.
منابع مشابه
Temporal and spatial distribution of extreme precipitation indices over the lake Urmia Basin, Iran
متن کامل
Spatial and Temporal Variation of Macroalgae along the Southern Coasts of the Caspian Sea Relating to Environmental Parameters
Macroalgae are considered as primary producers in ecosystem food chain. This study investigated spatial and temporal variation of three species of macroalgae namely, Laurencia caspica (red macroalga) Enteromorpha intestinalis and Cladophora glomerata (green macroalgae) on the hard substrates of the southern Caspian Sea coasts and their relation with environmental factors. Seasonal sampling pref...
متن کاملAssessment of Spatial and Temporal Variations in Water Quality Dynamics of River Ganga in Varanasi
River Ganga is one of the prime sacred National Rivers of India, closely associated with economic, social, and cultural heritage of Indian people. Recently, it has been subjected to immense degradation and pollution as a result of receiving huge amounts of domestic and industrial wastewater as well as religious ritual activities and surface runoff. The present study attempts to study spatial an...
متن کاملTemporal and spatial distribution pattern of Bullacta exarata in a tidal flat at south shore of Hangzhou Bay, China
The distribution pattern of Bullacta exarata was studied in different seasons of 2004 at south shore of Hangzhou Bay, China. We found that the distribution pattern of B. exarata was aggregated in each season by Taylor's power regression and Iwao's plot regresses methods (P < 0.001). Based on two-way ANOVA analysis, the results indicated that the densities were significantly affected by the fact...
متن کاملTemporal and spatial distribution pattern of Bullacta exarata in a tidal flat at south shore of Hangzhou Bay, China
The distribution pattern of Bullacta exarata was studied in different seasons of 2004 at south shore of Hangzhou Bay, China. We found that the distribution pattern of B. exarata was aggregated in each season by Taylor's power regression and Iwao's plot regresses methods (P < 0.001). Based on two-way ANOVA analysis, the results indicated that the densities were significantly affected by the fact...
متن کامل